Effectiveness and patient satisfaction of dental emergencies in Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, during the COVID 19 pandemic

Background@#A previous study reported the effectiveness and patient satisfaction in the dental emergency unit (DEU) of the Pitie Salpetrière Hospital in Paris before coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The same methodology was used during the COVID-19 pandemic to compare pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction during the two periods. @*Methods@#This prospective study was conducted in 2020 (NCT04354272) on adult patients. Data were collected on day zero (D0) on site and then by phone during the daytime on day one (D1), day three (D3), and day seven (D7). The primary objective was to assess the pain intensity at D1. Secondary objectives were to assess pain intensity at D3 and D7, anxiety intensity at D1, D3, and D7, and patient satisfaction. Patients were evaluated on a 0-10 numeric scale on D1, D3, and D7; mean scores were compared with non-parametric statistics (ANOVA, Dunn’s). @*Results@#A total of 445 patients were given the opportunity to participate in the study, and 370 patients consented. Seventy-one were lost during follow-up. Ultimately, 299 patients completed all the questionnaires and were included in the analysis. In the final sample (60% men, 40% women, aged 39 ± 14 years), 94% had health insurance.The mean pain scores were: D0, 6.1 ± 0.14; D1, 3.29 ± 0.16; D3, 2.08 ± 0.16; and D7, 1.07 ± 0.35. This indicates a significant decrease of 46%, 67%, and 82% at D1, D3, and D7, respectively, when compared to D0 (P < 0.0001). The mean anxiety scores were D0, 4.7 ± 0.19; D1, 2.6 ± 0.16; D3, 1.9 ± 0.61; and D7, 1.4 ± 0.15. This decrease was significant between D0 and D7 (ANOVA, P < 0.001). Perception of general health improved between D1 and D7. The overall satisfaction was 9.3 ± 0.06. @*Conclusion@#DEU enabled a significant reduction in pain and anxiety with high overall satisfaction during COVID-19, which was very similar to levels observed pre-COVID-19 pandemic.

An Autochthonous Human Case of Fasciolopsiasis in Nepal

Fasciolopsiasis is rarely known as the parasitic disease in Nepal. Herein, we report a case of fasciolopsiasis in a 22-year-old man who was admitted in the hospital with abdominal pain, distension and loss of appetite for a month. He had previously diagnosed with acute viral hepatitis but, his abdominal pain was not resolving despite improvement in his liver function and general condition. During endoscopy an adult digenean worm was seen in the first part of the duodenum. After isolation, the worm was identified morphologically as Fasciolopsis buski. Microscogic examination of the patient’s stool revealed eggs with a morphology consistent with F. buski. Eggs were yellow-brown, ellipsoidal, unembmbryonated, operculated, filled with yolk cells, with thin shell and ranging 118–130 μm in length and 60–69 μm in width. The abdominal pain of the patient was resolved after treatment with praziquantel. By the present study, it was confirmed for the first time that fasciolopsiasis is indigenously transmitted in Nepal. Accordingly, the epidemiological studies in humans and reservoir host animals should be performed intensively in near future.

Non-related contact lens coinfection with Acanthamoeba and Fusarium

Rationale: Microbial keratitis caused by coinfection with more than one species of pathogens is a severe condition with an unfavorable prognosis. Patient concerns: An immunocompetent Nepali woman complained of pain in the left eye, redness, watering and decreased vision for 5 months. Interventions: The patient was discarded and accurately diagnosed with coinfection with Fusarium sp. and Acanthamoeba sp. The habit of washing the eyes with tap water from a domestic storage tank was the most likely source of infection since it was found to be contaminated with cysts of Acanthamoeba sp. The woman received eye drops of fluconazole and natamycin (5%), cefazoline (50 mg/mL), atropine, and tablets of itraconazole (100 mg), which were later switched to eye drops of clotrimazole (1%), natamycin (5%) and voriconazole (1%), and tablets of itraconazole. A full thickness penetrating keratoplasty was performed followed by treatment with eye drops of voriconazole (1%), natamet (5%), ofloxacin, atropine and carboxymethylcellulose for one week. Outcomes: After treatment, the condition of the patient significantly improved and was discharged one week after keratoplasty. Lessons: This is the first report of Acanthamoeba keratitis in Nepal and the first report of coinfection with Fusarium in this country and highlights the importance of early diagnosis of microbial keratitis both in single microorganism infections and coinfections, even in no contact lens wearers.

Situação difícil em dor oncológica: dor do tipo breakthrough / Difficult situation in cancer pain: breakthrough pain

Justificativa e objetivos: A dor do tipo breakthrough ocorre com frequência em pacientes oncológicos e é pouco estudada no Brasil. Este estudo teve como objetivo estudar as características da dor do tipo breakthrough e comparar a evolução durante três dias. Metodos: Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal em que foi aplicado um questionário específico criado para a pesquisa e composto por dados sociodemográficos (idade, gênero, estado civil, profissão, renda, procedência), dados referentes ao câncer (tipos de tumor primário, existência de metástase, abordagem terapêutica como quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia, tratamento cirúrgico e fármacos) e parâmetros referentes à dor do tipo breakthrough (número de episódios por dia, duração da crise, intensidade, velocidade de inicio da dor e as variedades de dor do tipo breakthrough: espontânea, incidental e falha do fármaco no final da dose). Resultados: A maioria era do gênero feminino (71,7%), com idade de 30 a 50 anos (41,7%), realizava quimioterapia e radioterapia concomitante (41,7%), e tinha câncer de colo uterino (54,2%). A média da intensidade dolorosa foi 7, com desvio padrão de 2,3. Em relação à presença de dor do tipo breakthrough, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nos três momentos de avaliação. Durante as três avaliações observou-se que houve redução no percentual de pacientes que sentiam dor com tempo acima de 15 minutos na terceira avaliação (p=0,004). Não houve diferença entre as três avaliações quanto ao perfil farmacológico (p=0,34). Conclusão: A dor do tipo breakthrough foi frequente na população estudada. O uso de opioides mostrou eficácia na diminuição do ...

Background and objectives: Breakthrough pain is frequent among cancer patients and is poorly studied in Brazil. This study aimed at evaluating the characteristics of breakthrough pain and at comparing its evolution during three days. Methods: This is a longitudinal study where a specific questionnaire developed for the study was applied and was made up of sociodemographic data (age, gender, marital status, profession, income, origin), cancer-related data (types of primary tumor, presence of metastases, therapeutic approach with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, surgical treatment and drugs) and parameters related to breakthrough pain (number of daily episodes, duration of crisis, intensity, pain onset velocity and types of breakthrough pain: spontaneous, incidental, drug failure at the end of the dose). Results: Most patients were females (71.7%), aged between 30 and 50 years (41.7%), under concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy (41.7%) and had cervical cancer (54.2%). Mean pain intensity was 7, with standard deviation of 2.3. With regard to breakthrough pain, there have been no statistically significant differences in the three evaluation moments. During the three evaluations, it was observed that there has been decrease in the percentage of patients with pain for more than 15 minutes in the third evaluation (p=0.004). There has been no difference in pharmacological profile among the three evaluations (p=0.34). Conclusion: Breakthrough pain was frequent among the studied population. The use of opioids was effective to decrease pain duration and spontaneous pain.

Controle de qualidade e dosimetria em equipamentos de tomografia computadorizada / Quality control and dosimetry in computed tomography units

OBJETIVO: Avaliação de condições dos equipamentos e dosimetria em setores de tomografia computadorizada utilizando protocolos de cabeça, abdome e coluna lombar em pacientes adultos (em três equipamentos distintos) e pediátricos com até um ano e meio de vida (em um dos equipamentos avaliados). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram estimados o índice de dose em tomografia computadorizada e a dose média em cortes múltiplos, em exames com pacientes adultos, em três distintos equipamentos. Ainda foram estimadas as doses na superfície de entrada e as doses absorvidas em exame de cabeça para pacientes adultos e pediátricos em um dos equipamentos avaliados. RESULTADOS: Foram realizados testes de controle de qualidade, mecânicos, demonstrando que os equipamentos satisfazem as especificações de uso estabelecidas pelas normas vigentes. Os resultados da dosimetria mostraram que valores de dose média em cortes múltiplos excederam em até 109,0% os valores de níveis de referência, apresentando consideráveis variações entre os equipamentos avaliados neste estudo. As doses absorvidas obtidas com protocolos pediátricos são inferiores aos de pacientes adultos, apresentando redução de até 51,0% na tireoide. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo foram avaliadas as condições de operação de três equipamentos tomográficos, estabelecendo quais parâmetros devem ser trabalhados para a implantação de um programa de controle de qualidade nas instituições onde esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of equipment conditions and dosimetry in computed tomography services utilizing protocols for head, abdomen, and lumbar spine in adult patients (in three different units) and pediatric patients up to 18 months of age (in one of the units evaluated). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Computed tomography dose index and multiple-scan average dose were estimated in studies of adult patients with three different units. Additionally, entrance surface doses as well as absorbed dose were estimated in head studies for both adult and pediatric patients in a single computed tomography unit. RESULTS: Mechanical quality control tests were performed, demonstrating that computed tomography units comply with the equipment-use specifications established by the current standards. Dosimetry results have demonstrated that the multiple-scan average dose values were in excess of up to 109.0% the reference levels, presenting considerable variation amongst the computed tomography units evaluated in the present study. Absorbed doses obtained with pediatric protocols are lower than those with adult patients, presenting a reduction of up to 51.0% in the thyroid gland. CONCLUSION: The present study has analyzed the operational conditions of three computed tomography units, establishing which parameters should be set for the deployment of a quality control program in the institutions where this study was developed.